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Energy – 100% Locally Produced Renewable Energy in
the Western
Harbour, Malmö, Sweden
Four
fifths of the world's population will be living in cities within a few decades.
Urbanisation generates economic development and well-being, but also leads to
problems with water and sewage, traffic, energy provision and over-consumption
of resources. Solving the cities' environmental problems is therefore the key
to a sustainable future. An urban district is under construction in Malmö's Western Harbour which will be the focus of the
first European Housing Expo Bo01 -City of Tomorrow between the 17th May and 16th
September, 2001. The theme of the housing expo and district is The City of Tomorrow
in the ecologically sustainable information and welfare society. Visitors will
be able to participate in a wide range of environmental activities such as
study-tours, advice sessions, informational Q&As, exhibitions, seminars etc.
The aim
is for the district to be an international leading example of the environmental
adaptation of a densely built urban environment. It will also be a driving
force in Malmö's development towards environmental
sustainability.
Locallyproduced
renewable energy and
efficient use
Sun,
wind and water
The new
district will be provided exclusively with energy from renewable sources. The
energy used in the Western Harbour will be generated in or near the
area. Sun, wind and water will be the basis for energy production together with
energy from refuse and sewage from the district. A large percentage of the
heating will be extracted from the sea and aquifers, a
natural water storage in the bedrock, and will also be generated by
solar collectors. Electricity will mainly be generated by wind power and to a
minor part by photovoltaic cells. Bio gas will be extracted from refuse and
sewage from the area and will be returned after cleaning to the district via
the city's natural gas system. The solar collectors and photovoltaic systems,
including those on private properties, will be operated and managed by Sydkraft in order to ensure high maintenance and operation
standards.
Annual
Energy Balance
The
demand for 100% renewable energy means that there must be a balance between
production and energy use on an annual basis. Energy used in the area should,
at some point in time, be produced there. The new electricity grid and district
heating network will be linked to the existing systems of the city in order to
bridge the time-lapse between the point of production and use of energy, with-
out the need for specialised equipment for energy storage. The city's system
will be used as an accumulator and as a reserve supply.
Minimised
Energy Use
An
effective energy use is essential in order to reach the target of entirely
locally produced renewable energy. The buildings in the district are designed
to minimise the demand for heat and electricity. The Quality Programme for Bo01
sets a common standard for developers regarding energy for the district. The
target for average energy use on the properties is not to exceed 105 kWh per
square meter of gross room area annually. This includes all energy related to
the property; heating, hot water, household electricity as well as for running
the building services. Household equipment, lighting and other electric
installations should be the most energy efficient on the market. To minimise
heat losses from the houses it is important to reduce the thermal transmittance
of the buildings. Generally this is made by increasing the thermal insulation of
the buildings and by installing energy efficient triple glazed windows with low
emission coating.
A
High Degree of Comfort
The aim
of low energy use is not contrary to residents' or business' demands for
comfort. Better climate shield and ventilation rate in the buildings will
contribute to a better indoor climate. Users will have possibility to control
their indoor climate individually with the help of IT.
IT Solutions for Minimised Energy Use
IT will
be used to measure, control and regulate different subsystems and there will be
opportunity for individual billing related to energy usage by the residents.
Residents will also have the opportunity to control their own energy use as
well as the district's energy use and behavioural initiatives will be carried
out to improve energy efficiency.
EU's Campaign for Renewable Energy
The EU
Commission's Campaign for Take-off is one part of the implementation of the EU's
target that at least 12% of the energy in the union will come from renewable
resources by 2O10. 100 geographical areas, from urban neighbourhoods to entire
regions, will be supplied by locally produced renewable energy as part of the
campaign. Bo01 / The Western Harbour was one of the
first areas selected for participation in the campaign. The City of Malmö has established a partnership
with Sydkraft, Bo01-City of Tomorrow.
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