Introduction
The Municipality of Venice long
ago started
a policy of energy consumption control and the use
of renewable energies, which has taken shape in the creation (initially with
the Venetian Territorial and Environmental Services - VESTA, then also with the
Province of Venice and the Municipal Public Transport
Agency - ACTV) of the Venetian Agency for Energy (AGIRE). This Agency (http://www.ambiente.venezia.it/energia.asp) is the operative tool for the
elaboration, promotion and realization of good practices and necessary actions
to reach the objectives of energy efficiency inside and outside the public
administrations which are its members.
At the same time, the Municipal Administration has
drawn up the Municipal Energy Plan (PEC), approved in the Town Council session
of 10/06/2003 and presented to the people in October 2003.
The planning process
The energy planning process which has been undertaken has gone far
beyond an analysis
of the city’s “energy bill”, in that it
was conceived as an operative plan. In order to ensure
constant updating,
it has been organized as a “process plan”,
adapted to being implemented over years with improvements and
additions of new specific projects, at the
same time asthe
implementation of
those already planned, in accordance with the city’s new demands and the use of
new technologies.
In particular, by means of some consecutive steps that have involved the
various stakeholders,
there exists an historical
analysis of energy consumption, the
determination of the causes of this
consumption and their possible future evolution, the projection of this
evolutionin terms of new consumption and
greenhouse gas emissions and the arrangement of guidelines
(in a ten-year
period) that will be able to orientate the evolution of the energy system towards better
sustainability, identifying the operative tools and the subjects that could be
involved in the planning process.
Thanks to the activation of a Forum (http://www.ambiente.venezia.it/forum/) on this
topic, agreement protocols have been defined with large
consumers of energy (in the field of transport,
buildings, hotel, large
household distribution, etc.) with the aim of defining the commitments to be met as regards
procedures, actions and instruments aimed at the achievement
of strategic goals and for the achievement of the expected actions
of consumption rationalization, adoption of innovative technologies,
information, education and public awareness.
Finally (by means of summary forms) specific actions that represent
a first operational level (over a
two-year
period) of the plan and the agreements have been identified. Each form has a
different objective that deals with the reduction of CO2 and other
greenhouse gas emissions for the protection of
global climate, to reach the goals given in
the Kyoto Protocol.
The concrete accomplishment of the projects described in the forms and
the management of the protocols is entrusted to the Venetian Agency for Energy
and, as regards the
actions relating to
the town patrimony, to the Town Energy Manager.
The economic resources
An opportunity for economic support is given by the new ministerial
decrees (DM 04/24/2001 "Identification of the quantitative objects for an
energy efficiency increase in the final uses according to the Art.
9, paragraph 1,
of the legislative decree 03/16, n. 79" and DM 04/24/2001 on "Identification
of the national quantitative objectives of energy saving and the
development of renewable sources according to Art.16,
paragraph 4,
of the legislative decree 05/23/2000, n. 164"), that require the power and
gas distributors to co-finance projects of energy saving, quantified in Energy
Efficiency Bonds for which a real new
market is opening.
The actions
The action “forms” contained in the Energy Plan elaborated by the
Municipality of Venice are the translation, into specific projects, of the
objectives outlined by the Plan in terms of energy saving, local energy
production from renewable sources and high-energy
efficiency technologies.
The “forms” foresee the implementation of actions of different
degrees of importance, but
all of them indicate modalities, implementation times and responsibility for
the described projects. Their aim is to influence the integration model between
energy and environment, both in the upstream stage (of conception and
preparation of legislation, public awareness and promotion), and the downstream
stage
of their practical enforcement to give definition to the perspectives of
sustainability in the Municipality of Venice.
The actions are aimed at the:
·
creation of new tools to adapt the present ones, to
make energy systems
more efficient and an integral part
of public and private choices regarding the urban area;
·
initiation of
large scale actions involving widespread interests;
·
initiation of
actions for specific sectors or plants;
·
creation of demonstration actions;
·
creation of communication and public awareness
actions.
The envisaged interventions for the action “forms” elaborated in the
Plan, some of them already fulfilled or in progress, are:
Introduction
of the “Energy” factor in the Municipal Building
Regulation
Objective: to study the different
possibilities for the adjustment of the Municipal Building Regulation so as to
take into account the energy factor by means of rules and advice
on building that establish general technical-building and plant criteria, are
likely to help and make the most of energy
saving and use of renewable sources for heating/cooling systems, the
production of sanitary hot/cool water, lighting, electric
household equipment in buildings according with their
intended purpose.
·
Integration of Municipality of Venice tenders
with a “bio-building section"
Objective: to adopt an operative instrument
which contains indications
on how to promote a sustainable-type building and which takes care to
balance a number of parameters which are difficult
to assess, such as the
harmlessness of the materials used in the buildings, their traceability and the
possibility of recycling,
the energy costs in the plant choices, etc.
·
Would you change (habits)? –
Consumption, environment, energy saving, lifestyle
Objective: to reduce and re-orient consumption
through information and public
awareness strategies (on the global
impact of consumption and the opportunities of an aware and conscious
consumption) and by the adoption of more fair and
sustainable lifestyles.
·
Analysis
of the energy efficiency in public buildings
Objective: to analyze the energy efficiency of
public buildings to define an action plan aimed at reducing consumption.
·
Promotion
of the “blue coupon” system
Objective: to promote the dissemination of
emission control systems also where it is not compulsory and to make the other
consumers more aware (where it is already compulsory)
·
Promotion
and implementation of the "car sharing" system
Objective: to promote and implement the use of
"car sharing" to reduce the use of
private cars and therefore of
consumption.
·
Seminars
and technical training courses on energy saving
Objective: to conduct
a cycle of seminars and technical training courses regarding energy saving strategies
for technicians, professionals and operators in the building
sector.
·
Implementation
of a system of checks on the compulsory maintenance of domestic
heating systems
Objective: to implement a system of checks
on r the
compulsory maintenance of heating systems according to law 01/09/1991 n. 10 and to D.P.R. 08/26/1993 n. 412 amended by
D.P.R. 12/21/1999 n. 551.
·
Realization
of a teleheating network
Objective: Venice has a great
thermoelectric generation potential that is developed
mainly with four power stations (located in the Porto
Marghera industrial area) totalling over 2000 MW. The feasibility study on the
teleheating network envisages that the system be supplied with the
heat produced by ENEL S.p.A. and EDISON Thermoelectric power plants. The areas
which are suitable as potential users of the teleheating network are,
within a urban and mobility plan, in the
areas of Porto Marghera and Mestre. In total, 12 areas have been chosen and
analyzed and the buildings are, for
the most part yet
to be built,. The areas involved are almost completely made up of future
buildings intended for the
service
sector. The system could be implemented in different stages.
·
Development
of oxycombustion in the glass district of Murano
Objective: to substitute natural gas/oxygen
for the traditional air/natural gas combustion of the glass ovens.. Thus, by eliminating
almost completely the presence of nitrogen, contained in the combustion air in
high quantity (about 80 %), it is possible to increase the calorific power of
the fuel, obtaining a flame characterized by higher temperatures and allowing a
better conveyance of heat to the oven and the glass.
·
Production
of electric power by means of combustion cells fuelled by hydrogen produced by
a photovoltaic field on the
islands of Certosa and/or Lazzaretto Nuovo (in the Venetian Lagoon)
Objective: to verify the reliability and
energy efficiency of an electric power production system with zero emissions in
the atmosphere. The system consists of a photovoltaic field for the production
of electric power for use
partly directly by the final usersand
partly for hydrogen production for the
fuelling of the combustion cells.
·
Installation
of radiant heating panels
Objective: to install radiant heating panels
on 7 municipal buildings and on State buildings assigned to the island of Isola del Lazzaretto Nuovo (two different action forms).
·
Installation
of solar panels for the production of hot water
Objective: to install solar panels for the
production of hot water in municipal nurseryschools. The
plants will be built and operated during 2003, and
during 2004 there will be an
analysis of consumption in the buildings to evaluate the advantage in
quantitative terms.
·
Installation of a geothermic heating
system in the Chirignago nursery
school (on the
mainland of the Venetian Municipality)
Objective: Installation of a heating system
with an earth-air pump (geothermic) in order to reduce energy use for winter
heating and summer cooling.
·
Realization of a demonstration “green
roof”
Objective: implementation
of a green roof on the Public
Green and Land Department Office Building (in Mestre), aiming to reduce the
radiant energy of the environment by means of a roof garden,
thermally isolating the building with energy saving both for cooling and
heating.
·
Methane project
Objective: to promote the development of
natural gas for motor transport by the commercial operators and people and
goods transport
trade, as well as for natural
gas distribution network development (by means of subscription to
the pact on
agreement to the “natural gas Project”, with reference to the Programme
Agreement dated 12.05.2001 by Environment Ministry, Fiat S.p.A. and Italian Oil
Union).
·
Use of hybrid minibuses
Objective: to promote the use of electric
hybrid minibuses for public transport.
·
Installation
of photovoltaic panels at the ACTV depot in Marghera (via Martiri della Libertą)
Objective: to increase energy self-production
by mean of photovoltaic panels installed on the existing
busshelter
of the depot in addition to the already existing
and operating co-generation system.
·
Mestre
Wood
Objective: to create a big green park close to
the highly urbanized area (residential area, ring-road, Porto Marghera) that
could compensate for the CO2 emissions, as
well as an exploitable energy resource (the wood maintenance by-products) for
the biomass that it will be able to produce.
·
Installation
of a biomass teleheating system
Objective: to install a biomass teleheating
system in the Bissuola district (Mestre)
·
Solar
boat
Objective: implementation
of a radiant heating-panel
tourist boat for the Lagoon Park area.
·
Use of
hydrogen in Porto Marghera
Objective: with
the implementation of the “Porto Marghera Hydrogen District Union”,
the exploitation of the hydrogen resource available in
the Porto Marghera area will be carried out. Hydrogen
combustion, both in stationary applications for the co-generation
of electric and thermal energy and for applications
in the field of transport, can be realized both with
traditional equipment (turbines and
internal combustion engines) or with innovative combustion
cells.
·
Adoption of integral winter/summer
conditioning radiation and primary air systems for the new IRE Structures
(Public Housing).
Objective: the adoption of global
climatization solutions with radiant panels on the ceiling, integrated with a
system of forced air renewal, along with relativemean humidity control of the
environment during winter and summer, is
suggested.
Urban
Energy Plan: full
text document in Italian language
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